Work Spain

To obtain a work permit in Spain, you need to take several steps and prepare a specific set of documents. The process may differ depending on the type of visa and your situation.

 

Types of work permits

 

Work Visa

   - Suitable for long-term work in Spain.

   - Requires a signed employment contract with a Spanish employer.

   - The employer must confirm that there are no suitable candidates from the EU for this position.

 

Seasonal Work Visa 

   - Suitable for temporary work (for example, in agriculture).

   - Requires a seasonal employment contract and proof of accommodation.

 

EU Blue Card 

   - For highly qualified professionals.

   - Requires a higher education degree or five years of professional experience.

   - Salary must be at least 1.5 times the average salary in Spain.

 

Self-Employed Visa 

   - For those planning to work as a freelancer or start their own business in Spain.

   - Requires a business plan and proof of financial stability.

 

Au Pair Visa

   - For those intending to work with a Spanish family under the Au Pair program.

   - Age between 17 and 30 years, confirmed residence with the family required.

 

Process of Obtaining a Work Visa

 

1. Get a Job Offer

   - You must first receive a job offer from a Spanish employer.

 

2. Apply for Work Permit

   - Your employer must apply for a work permit at the local office of the Spanish Ministry of Labor.

 

3. Submit Documents to the Consulate

   - After obtaining the work permit, you submit the documents to the Spanish consulate in your country.

 

Required Documents

 

- Completed application form for visa D.

- Valid passport (minimum validity of three months after the intended date of entry).

- Photos (two recent photographs according to Schengen standards).

- Copies of passport pages.

- Work permit obtained by your employer.

- Certificate of no criminal record (not older than six months).

- Medical certificate (confirmation of absence of serious illnesses).

- Proof of accommodation (e.g., rental agreement).

- Proof of professional qualification (diplomas, certificates).

- Employment contract signed by you and the employer.

- Licenses or permits necessary for work in Spain (if applicable).

 

Important Aspects

- Processing times: the process can take several months, so it is recommended to submit documents in advance.

- Right to reside: after obtaining a work visa, you also gain the right to reside in Spain.

 

Additional information and details can be found on the official websites (https://www.schengenvisainfo.com/spain-visa) and (https://www.immigrationspain.es).

Employment for EU Citizens

 

Right to free movement and work: Citizens of EU countries, the EEA (European Economic Area), and Switzerland can move and work freely in Spain without the need for a work visa or permit. This significantly simplifies the employment process and allows job searching directly upon arrival in the country.

 

Registration process: Upon arrival in Spain, EU citizens must register with the Central Register of Foreign Nationals and obtain a registration certificate.

 

3. Advantages: EU citizens have the right to equal working conditions and social guarantees, such as access to public healthcare and social security. They can also apply for unemployment benefits and other social advantages on par with Spanish citizens.

 

Employment for non-EU Citizens

 

1. Work visa and permit: Citizens of non-EU countries must obtain a work visa and permit for legal employment in Spain. 

 

2. Employer requirements: The employer must prove that the vacancy cannot be filled by local candidates from Spain or other EU countries. 

 

3. Types of visas:

   - Long-term work visa: For long-term employment.

   - Seasonal work visa: For temporary work in sectors like agriculture.

   - EU Blue Card: For highly qualified specialists.

   - Self-employed visa: For freelancers and entrepreneurs.

 

4. Application process: Obtaining a work visa involves collecting and submitting various documents such as an employment contract, medical certificate, police clearance, proof of qualifications, and others.

 

5. Restrictions and conditions: Non-EU citizens must comply with the conditions of their visa and work permit, such as working only for the specified employer or in a particular sector. Violating conditions may result in visa cancellation and deportation.

Main stages of job search

 

1. Determine the type of job

   - Choose an industry that matches your skills and experience.

 

2. Prepare documents

   - Update your resume and cover letter, adapting them for the Spanish job market. If you do not speak Spanish, consider the possibility of translating your documents into Spanish.

 

3. Obtain the necessary work permit

   - EU citizens can work in Spain without a visa. Non-EU citizens will require a work visa and a work permit.

 

4. Start job searching

   - Online portals and job websites: Use popular sites such as InfoJobs, Indeed, LinkedIn, and local Spanish job sites (Empleate, Infoempleo, Jobandtalent).

   - Recruitment agencies: Contact agencies that can help you find suitable vacancies and provide job search consultations.

   - Networking events: Participate in networking and professional events, such as LinkedIn meetups or business events organized by the Spanish Chamber of Commerce.

 

5. Prepare for interviews

   - Study the culture and customs of the Spanish job market. Be prepared to discuss your skills and experience in Spanish if required.

 

6. Use social networks and personal contacts

   - Many vacancies in Spain are filled through personal connections and recommendations. Use social networks such as LinkedIn and inform your contacts that you are looking for a job.

 

Additional resources

 

- Public employment services: Visit the Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal (SEPE) website to search for vacancies, training courses, and get job search advice.

- Specialized sites: For graduates and young professionals, resources such as Graduateland and iAgora are suitable, where you can find international companies and internships.

Employment in Spain requires meeting several requirements that vary depending on your citizenship, qualifications, and industry. 

 

Language

 

Spanish language: In most cases, knowledge of the Spanish language sufficient to perform job duties is required. This is especially relevant for professions related to customer service, healthcare, and education.

English and Other Languages: In international companies, as well as in the tourism sector, knowledge of English and other foreign languages (German, French, Italian) can be an advantage.

 

Qualifications

 

Education and Professional Skills: Most positions require appropriate education and qualifications. In some industries, such as IT, marketing, or finance, having a bachelor's or master's degree, as well as professional certifications, is an important requirement.

Work Experience: Experience in the relevant field also plays an important role. Employers often prefer candidates with proven experience and references.

 

Legal Requirements

 

NIE Number: All foreigners working in Spain must obtain a foreign identification number (NIE). This number is used for tax and social security payments.

Work Visa and Work Permit: Citizens of non-EU countries must obtain a work visa and work permit. 

 

Specific Requirements

 

Certificates and Licenses: In some professions, such as medicine or engineering, certain licenses and certificates are required to prove qualifications and the right to practice in Spain.

Medical Insurance: Foreigners working in Spain must have medical insurance that covers basic medical services and repatriation.

 

Additional Factors

 

1. Social and Cultural Skills: The ability to adapt to the local culture and work in an international environment is also an important aspect. Participating in local networking events and professional associations can greatly aid in integration and professional growth.

2. Collective Labor Agreements: Collective labor agreements, which regulate working conditions and social guarantees, are actively used in Spain. Familiarity with these agreements is important for understanding your rights and obligations in the workplace.

 

 

Knowledge of Spanish can be critically important for employment in Spain, especially in sectors requiring frequent interaction with clients or colleagues who speak only Spanish. However, the requirements for documentary proof of language knowledge depend on the specifics of the job and employer.

 

Documents verifying language proficiency: Some employers may request certificates confirming the level of fluency in Spanish, such as DELE.

 

Internal tests and interviews: In some cases, employers may conduct their own language tests or evaluate language proficiency during interviews.

 

The level of Spanish proficiency required for employment may vary depending on the specific position and sector.

 

Basic level (A1-A2): For unskilled jobs or positions that do not require intensive communication, a basic level of Spanish proficiency may be sufficient. Examples of such jobs include seasonal work in agriculture or manufacturing.

 

Intermediate level (B1-B2): Most office and client-oriented positions require an intermediate level of language proficiency. This allows for effective communication with colleagues and clients, as well as understanding and carrying out work instructions.

 

Advanced level (C1-C2): High-skilled and management positions, as well as professions related to education, medicine, and law, require an advanced level of Spanish proficiency. This allows for fluent communication, document creation, and high-level negotiations.

Spain offers numerous employment opportunities across various sectors. In 2024, the most in-demand sectors are the following:

 

Service Sector

The service sector dominates Spain's labor market and includes areas such as retail, finance, healthcare, and tourism. Particularly in demand are customer service specialists, administrative workers, and healthcare professionals.

 

Technology and Information Technology (IT)

Spain's technology sector is actively developing, and demand for software development, data analysis, and cybersecurity specialists continues to grow. Numerous startups and technology companies offer diverse employment opportunities, especially in major cities like Madrid and Barcelona.

 

Manufacturing

Manufacturing industries, including automotive, aerospace, and mechanical engineering, are an important part of the Spanish economy. In these sectors, there is a demand for specialists in production, quality control, and logistics.

 

Healthcare

With the growth of the elderly population and healthcare reforms, the demand for medical workers, including doctors, nurses, and administrators, is constantly increasing. The healthcare sector offers a wide range of opportunities, from direct patient care to scientific research and the development of new medical technologies.

 

Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development

Spain is actively transitioning to clean energy sources, creating jobs in renewable energy, sustainable construction, and environmental protection. This sector is supported by global efforts to combat climate change and offers promising employment opportunities.

 

Finance and Banking

The financial sector in Spain, including banking, insurance, and fintech, continues to grow. There is a demand for financial analysts, accountants, and risk management specialists in this field. Many companies seek candidates who are multilingual and hold relevant certifications, such as ACCA or CFA.

 

Tourism and Hospitality

Tourism is a significant part of the Spanish economy, providing jobs in hotels, restaurants, travel agencies, and events. Professionals with strong communication skills and knowledge of multiple languages are especially in demand in this sector.

 

Construction and Real Estate

The construction and real estate sector offers jobs in architecture, construction, and property management. The demand for specialists in these areas is growing alongside the development of urban infrastructure and housing construction.

 

These industries offer diverse employment opportunities, and understanding the specifics of each will help you successfully find a job in Spain.

Main Types of Pensions

 

Labor Pensions:

   - Consolidated Pensions: Intended for those who have contributed to the Spanish social security system for at least 15 years. The pension amount depends on the sum and duration of contributions, as well as the retirement age. The full retirement age in 2024 is 65 years and 10 months, but those who have worked and contributed for 37 years can retire at 65.

   - Private Pensions: These are additional pension plans offered by private companies or through insurance companies. They may be useful for those who do not meet the requirements for a full state pension.

 

Unconsolidated Pensions:

   - These pensions are intended for low-income individuals and the disabled who cannot qualify for a labor pension. The main requirement is residing in Spain for at least 10 years. The maximum amount of such a pension is about 430 euros per month.

 

Survivor's Pension:

   - If a pensioner dies, their spouse or children can receive a part of their pension provided that the deceased contributed to the Spanish social security system for at least 15 years.

 

Disability Pension:

   - In the event of permanent disability due to an accident or illness, one can qualify for a disability pension. The pension amount depends on the degree and nature of the disability.

 

Rights and Obligations

 

Social Contributions:

   - Employers and employees are required to make contributions to the social security system. Employees pay about 4.7% of their salary, and employers pay 23.6%.

   - Self-employed individuals must fully cover their contributions, which can be financially more burdensome.

 

Pension Taxation:

   - Pensions in Spain are subject to progressive taxation, with rates ranging from 8% to 40%.

 

These features and changes make the pension system in Spain quite complex, yet geared towards ensuring a decent standard of living for retirees.

Social insurance in Spain is a comprehensive system that covers various aspects of the lives of citizens and residents, providing support in case of illness, disability, unemployment, and retirement. Let's consider the main types of social insurance in Spain:

 

Pension Insurance

 

- Work-related pensions: Benefits are provided to citizens who have reached the age of 65 years and 10 months, provided they have contributed for at least 15 years. For full pension benefits, 37 years of contributions are required (from 2027 — 38 years and 6 months).

- Non-consolidated pensions: Offered to individuals with low income or a disability who cannot claim a work-related pension. The main requirement is residing in Spain for at least 10 years.

 

Health Insurance

 

All employees and self-employed individuals in Spain are required to contribute to the social security system, which ensures access to free medical services, including doctor's visits, hospitalization, and emergency care. To receive these services, one must have a national health card.

 

Sickness and Disability Insurance

 

- Temporary incapacity benefits: Provided in case of illness or accident not related to work, provided that at least 180 days of contributions have been made in the last 5 years. The benefit is paid for up to 365 days with a possible extension of an additional 180 days.

- Disability benefits: In the case of permanent disability, payments depend on the degree of incapacity and include regular payments and, in some cases, one-time compensations.

 

Unemployment Benefits

 

Unemployment benefits are provided to those who have lost their job and have paid contributions to the social security system for at least 360 days in the last six years. The amount and duration of the benefit depend on previous earnings and the period of contributions.

 

Maternity and Paternity Benefits

 

Maternity and paternity benefits include medical care and payments amounting to 100% of earnings for 16 weeks. These benefits are available provided at least 180 days of contributions have been made in the last 7 years, or at least 360 days over the entire working life.

 

Accident and Professional Disease Insurance

 

Workers who suffer injuries or illnesses at the workplace are entitled to receive benefits without a minimum period of contributions. Payments amount to 75% of the calculation base from the first day of incapacity.

 

These types of social insurance provide comprehensive support to citizens and residents of Spain in various life situations, helping to cope with temporary difficulties and ensuring a decent standard of living in retirement.

Dismissal

 

Dismissal procedures: In Spain, employers can dismiss an employee due to disciplinary breaches, business needs, or at the employee's own request. The dismissal must be justified and documented in writing. The employee has the right to contest the dismissal in court.

 

Severance pay: The amount of compensation depends on the reason for the dismissal. In the case of business necessity, the compensation is 20 days' salary for each year worked, up to a maximum of 12 months. In case of unjustified dismissal, compensation can be up to 33 days' salary for each year worked, up to a maximum of 24 months.

 

Vacations

 

Annual paid vacation: Employees in Spain are entitled to a minimum of 30 calendar days of paid vacation per year. The vacation can be divided into several periods by agreement with the employer.

 

Childcare leave: Mothers and fathers are entitled to 16 weeks of paid childcare leave. These weeks can be divided between both parents. In the case of birth, adoption, or guardianship of more than one child, the leave is extended by additional weeks.

 

Additional leave: In Spain, paid leaves are also provided for family circumstances such as marriage, childbirth, or the death of a close relative.

 

Holidays

 

In Spain, there are 14 official holidays per year, of which 10 are national, and the remaining 4 are regional. Among them:

 

National Holidays:

   - New Year (January 1)

   - Easter Monday

   - Labor Day (May 1)

   - Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (August 15)

   - All Saints' Day (November 1)

   - Constitution Day (December 6)

   - Christmas (December 25).

 

Regional and local holidays: In each autonomous community and municipality, additional holidays may be observed, which vary depending on regional traditions and local events.

Main professional unions in Spain

 

Comisiones Obreras: The largest trade union federation in Spain, founded in the 1960s, with over a million members; actively involved in collective bargaining, defending labor rights, and providing legal assistance to its members.

 

Unión General de Trabajadores: The oldest and second-largest union, founded in 1888, with more than 930,000 members; engages in collective bargaining, provides legal protection, and supports workers across various sectors.

 

Unión Sindical Obrera: The third-largest union, stemming from the Catholic labor movement of the 1950s, with over 117,000 members; focuses on protecting the social and labor rights of its members.

 

Confederación Sindical Independiente y de Funcionarios: A union representing administrative workers in the public and private sectors, with a substantial membership across Spain.

 

Confederación General del Trabajo: Anarcho-syndicalist union, split from the CNT, with approximately 80,000 members nationwide; actively advocates for workers' rights and participation in social movements.

 

How unions can help

 

Collective bargaining: Unions play a key role in collective bargaining with employers, ensuring improved working conditions, wage increases, and protection of social benefits for workers.

 

Protection of workers' rights: Unions offer legal assistance and support in cases of labor disputes, dismissals, and discrimination. They also provide advice on labor law issues and assist their members in legal proceedings.

 

Training and Professional Development: Many trade unions organize training and educational programs for their members, helping them develop professional skills and adapt to changes in the labor market.

 

Social Support: Trade unions also offer their members various forms of social support, including health insurance programs, pensions, and other social benefits.

 

Participation in Management: Trade unions have the right to participate in the management and oversight of the enforcement of labor norms and safety standards in the workplace. They can influence employers' decisions regarding restructurings, changes in working conditions, and mass layoffs.

Doing business in Spain has its unique features and requires compliance with certain steps and regulatory requirements. 

Main forms of business

Sole Proprietorship

 - The simplest and quickest way to start an activity.

 - The entrepreneur's personal assets are liable for business obligations.

 - Suitable for small and less risky activities.

 

Limited Liability Company

 - Requires a minimum share capital of 3,000 euros.

 - Limited liability for shareholders, protecting personal assets.

 - More complex administrative and tax requirements.

 

Joint-Stock Company

 - Suitable for large enterprises and those planning to go public.

 - Requires significant share capital of 60,000 euros.

 - Strict accounting and audit requirements.

 

Taxation and Social Security

- Corporate Tax: The standard rate is 25%, but new companies may receive a reduced rate of 15% for the first two years.

- Value Added Tax: The general rate is 21%, but reduced rates exist for certain goods and services.

- Social Security: All employees must be registered in the social security system and make monthly contributions.

Additional Aspects

 Legal Advice: It is recommended to engage legal consultants to ensure compliance with all regulatory requirements and proper documentation.