Work Lithuania

To work in Lithuania, citizens of third countries need to obtain a work permit and the appropriate visa or residence permit. The process involves several stages:

1. Finding an employer: First, find a Lithuanian company willing to hire you. The employer must register the vacancy with the Lithuanian Employment Service and ensure that there are no suitable candidates among the locals.

2. Obtaining a work permit: If no suitable local candidates are found, the employer applies to the Employment Service for a work permit for you. This will require documents confirming your qualification and work experience corresponding to the job requirements. The application review period is up to 7 business days.

3. Arranging a national visa (D) or temporary residence permit:

National visa (D): After obtaining a work permit, you can apply for a category D visa at the Lithuanian embassy or consulate in your country. The visa allows you to stay in the country for up to one year.

Temporary residence permit: If you plan to work in Lithuania for more than a year, you should apply for a temporary residence permit. This can be done at the territorial office of the Lithuanian Migration Department.

Required documents:

- Completed visa or residence permit application.

- Valid passport.

- Standard-format photograph.

- Work permit issued by the Employment Service.

- Motivational letter from the employer.

- Proof of financial solvency.

- Medical insurance with coverage of at least 30,000 euros.

- Criminal record certificate.

- Documents confirming qualification (diplomas, certificates).

Please note that some categories of workers are exempt from the need to obtain a work permit, such as highly qualified specialists applying for an EU Blue Card.

The process of obtaining a work permit and the necessary visas can take several months, so it is recommended to start the preparation in advance. Exact requirements and procedures may change, so before starting the process, you should contact the Lithuanian embassy or consulate for the latest information. 

Employment in Lithuania for European Union citizens and third countries (non-EU) is regulated by different legal norms and procedures. Let's consider the key features for both categories:

European Union Citizens

Freedom of movement and employment: EU citizens have the right to freely move and work in Lithuania without the need for a work permit. They can participate in hiring procedures on an equal basis with Lithuanian citizens.

Registration of stay: If planning to stay in Lithuania for more than 90 days within a 180-day period, it is necessary to register your stay with the Migration Department and obtain a certificate confirming the right to temporary residence.

Citizens of Third Countries

Work permit and residence permit: For employment in Lithuania, citizens of third countries need to obtain a work permit and the appropriate visa or residence permit.

General employment requirements

Employment contract: A written employment contract is concluded with the employer, outlining work conditions, payment, and other important aspects. One copy of the contract remains with the employee.

Registration of residence: Upon arrival in Lithuania, it is necessary to register your place of residence with the local municipality.

It is important to note that from July 1, 2024, Lithuania has tightened the rules for the employment of foreigners: a Lithuanian residence permit is now required to work, even if the foreigner previously entered under a visa-free regime or with a visa from another country. 

Use of online platforms for job search

National portals:

CVbankas.lt: one of the leading job sites in Lithuania, offering a wide range of offers from various companies.

CVonline.lt: a popular platform with an extensive job database and the ability to post resumes.

Dirbam.lt: a portal that aggregates job vacancies from all Lithuanian sites, simplifying the job search.

International sites:

LinkedIn: a professional network where employers post job vacancies and job seekers can establish business contacts.

Indeed: a global platform with job vacancies, including opportunities from Lithuania.

Approaching employment agencies

There are numerous recruiting agencies operating in Lithuania that help job seekers find suitable employment. They offer services for resume writing, interview preparation, and job matching. Some of them include:

- Alliance for Recruitment

- Advantus

- Headex

Collaboration with the State Employment Service

The Lithuanian Employment Service provides information about job vacancies, organizes job fairs, and offers consultations on employment matters. Foreign citizens can use its services for job searching and obtaining information about the labor market.

Participation in job fairs and networking events

Regular attendance at job fairs, professional exhibitions, and networking events can establish direct contact with potential employers and provide firsthand information about job vacancies.

Directly approaching employers

Many companies publish vacancies on their official websites. It is recommended to regularly check the "Career" sections of the websites of organizations of interest and send resumes directly.

Social networks and professional communities:

Using social media platforms such as Facebook to find groups and communities dedicated to employment in Lithuania can be beneficial. Such groups often post current job vacancies and advice on job searching. 

For successful employment in Lithuania, foreign citizens need to meet specific requirements. Let’s consider the main ones:

Language requirements

Lithuanian language: Knowledge of the Lithuanian language is a significant advantage, especially for positions requiring direct interaction with clients or work in state institutions. However, in international companies and the IT sector, proficiency in English is often sufficient. Additional language skills, such as Russian or Polish, can be helpful in certain fields.

English language: In many international companies, the working language is English. Therefore, for specialists in such organizations, proficiency in English is mandatory.

Qualification requirements

Education and experience: Most qualified positions require appropriate education and confirmed work experience. Some professions, especially regulated ones, may require the recognition of diplomas and certificates in Lithuania. If a profession is on the list of regulated ones, education obtained outside the country will need to be confirmed.

Professional skills: Depending on the industry, specific skills and knowledge may be required. For example, in the IT sector, programming skills and knowledge of certain technologies are valued.

Legal status and permits

EU/EEA citizens: Have the right to work in Lithuania without the need for a special work permit. However, if planning to stay for more than 90 days, they must register their stay with the Migration Department.

Third-country citizens: Must obtain a work permit and the appropriate visa or residence permit.

It is important to note that requirements may vary depending on the specific position and industry. It is recommended to familiarize yourself with the employment conditions in the chosen field in advance and prepare all necessary documents. 

Lithuania offers diverse employment opportunities for both qualified and unqualified workers. Let's consider the most in-demand industries and professions in each of these categories:

Qualified labor

Information Technology (IT)

Software Developers: specialists in creating and maintaining software applications.

Network and Systems Administrators: ensuring the smooth operation of computer networks and systems.

Cybersecurity Specialists: protecting information systems from cyber threats.

Data Analysts: Analysis and interpretation of complex data sets.

The IT sector in Lithuania is actively developing, offering many opportunities for specialists.

Medicine and Healthcare

Doctors and Nurses: Providing medical care in hospitals and clinics.

Social Workers: Support and assistance to vulnerable population groups.

The demand for healthcare workers remains high, especially in connection with demographic changes and an aging population.

Engineering and Manufacturing

Mechanical and Electrical Engineers: Designing and maintaining equipment.

Automation and Robotics Specialists: Implementing modern technologies in production processes.

Manufacturing enterprises play an important role in Lithuania's economy, and skilled engineers are in demand in various sectors.

Logistics and Transport

Logisticians and Supply Chain Management Specialists: Optimizing goods delivery processes.

Truck Drivers: Transporting goods within the country and beyond.

Thanks to its advantageous geographical location, Lithuania is an important logistics hub, increasing demand for specialists in this field.

Unskilled Labor

Construction

Laborers: Performing auxiliary tasks at construction sites.

Painters and Plasterers: Finishing work in buildings.

The construction industry constantly needs workers of various specialties, especially amid the growth of construction projects.

Service Sector

Cleaners and Cleaning Staff: Maintaining cleanliness in commercial and residential premises.

Catering Workers: Serving customers in restaurants and cafes.

The service sector is actively developing, creating numerous jobs for unskilled workers.

Agriculture

Seasonal Workers: Harvesting and caring for plants.

Livestock Farm Workers: Animal care and farm maintenance.

The agricultural sector offers seasonal and permanent vacancies for unskilled workers.

It is important to note that the demand for certain professions may change depending on the economic situation and labor market needs. It is recommended to regularly refer to official sources such as the Lithuanian Employment Service for up-to-date information on in-demand professions and job openings. 

Lithuania's pension system is a multi-level structure providing financial support to citizens in old age.

Structure of the Pension System

First Level (State Pension): A mandatory system, pensions are calculated based on accumulated pension points, which depend on the duration of the work record and the size of the salary.

Second Level (Private Accumulative Pensions): Introduced in 2004, allowing citizens to direct part of their social contributions to private pension funds. Participation in this system is voluntary, and the accumulations depend on the investment returns of the chosen fund.

Third Level (Voluntary Private Pension Schemes): Designed for additional pension savings through various financial instruments such as pension funds or insurance products. Participation is completely voluntary and depends on individual preferences.

Retirement Age and Work Record

Retirement Age: In 2024, the retirement age is 64 years for men and 63 years and 6 months for women. By 2025, the retirement age for both genders will be set at 65 years.

Required Work Record: In 2024, the minimum work record for a full old-age pension is 33.5 years. If the work record is insufficient, the pension amount will be proportionally reduced.

Pension Amounts

Average Pension: In 2023, the average old-age pension in Lithuania was about 440 euros.

Minimum Pension: The size of the minimum pension depends on the work record and other factors. Exact data are recommended to be verified in official sources.

Features for Foreigners

Foreign citizens living and working in Lithuania are eligible for pension provision under certain conditions:

Recognition of Work Record: Lithuania recognizes work records accumulated in other EU countries based on bilateral agreements. This allows work periods abroad to be counted in pension calculations.

Payment of Social Contributions: Foreign workers are required to pay social contributions on par with Lithuanian citizens, which ensures their right to receive a pension in the future.

Tax Aspects:

Pension payments in Lithuania are subject to income tax. However, there are non-taxable minimums and benefits that depend on the size of the pension and other factors. It is recommended to consult with tax specialists for up-to-date information.

Future Changes

Due to demographic changes and an aging population, Lithuania's pension system is undergoing reform. Further increases in the retirement age and a review of pension calculation conditions are planned to ensure system sustainability.

For up-to-date information on pension provision, it is recommended to contact the Ministry of Social Security and Labor of Lithuania or local branches of the Social Insurance Service (Sodra). 

Lithuania has a comprehensive social insurance system that provides protection for citizens in various life situations. The main types of social insurance include:

Pension Insurance

Old-age Pensions: Granted upon reaching the established retirement age and having the necessary work experience.

Disability Pensions: Provided to individuals who have lost their ability to work due to illness or injury.

Survivor's Pensions: Paid to dependents in the event of the death of the breadwinner.

Sickness Insurance

Sickness Benefits: Paid to insured individuals during periods of temporary incapacity due to illness or injury. To receive benefits, one must contact a doctor who will issue an electronic incapacity certificate.

Maternity and Paternity Insurance

Maternity Benefits: Provided to women during prenatal and postnatal leave.

Childcare Benefits: Paid to one of the parents or a guardian caring for a child up to a certain age.

Accident Insurance and Occupational Disease Insurance

Compensations and Benefits: Assigned in case of a workplace injury or the occurrence of an occupational disease.

Unemployment Insurance

Unemployment Benefits: Paid to individuals who lost their job and are registered with the Employment Service.

Mandatory Health Insurance:

Medical Services: Ensures access to free medical services in state institutions.

The management of the social insurance system in Lithuania is carried out by the State Social Insurance Fund "Sodra," which provides services and consultations on all issues related to social insurance.

It is important to note that participation in the social insurance system is mandatory for all workers, including self-employed individuals. The size of contributions and conditions for receiving benefits may vary depending on the category of the insured person and the type of insurance. It is recommended to regularly refer to official sources for up-to-date information. 

In Lithuania, employment relations are regulated by the Labor Code, which sets the rules for dismissal, granting of leaves, and designates public holidays.

Dismissal

At the initiative of the employee: The employee has the right to terminate the employment contract by notifying the employer in writing no later than 20 calendar days before the desired termination date. This period may be changed by mutual agreement or in a collective agreement, but cannot exceed one month. In some cases, such as for valid reasons, the employee may terminate the contract without prior notice.

At the initiative of the employer: The employer can terminate the employment contract by notifying the employee within a certain period, which depends on the length of service in the company and other factors. For example, for service over one year, notice must be given at least one month in advance, and for service less than a year, at least two weeks. For certain categories of employees, such as parents of children under 14 years or persons less than five years from retirement age, notice periods may be extended.

Severance Pay: In case of dismissal initiated by the employer without the worker's fault, the latter receives severance pay, the amount of which depends on the length of service and the reasons for dismissal.

Leave

Annual Paid Leave: The minimum duration is 20 working days for a 5-day work week or 24 working days for a 6-day work week. If the work schedule differs, leave is granted for a duration of no less than four weeks. Public holidays falling within the leave period are not included in its duration.

Additional Leave: Provided to certain categories of workers, for example, for long continuous service at one enterprise. After 10 years of continuous work, 3 additional working days of leave are granted, and for each subsequent 5 years, one additional day is added.

Maternity Leave: Provided to women before and after childbirth. The duration of this leave is determined by medical indications and legislative norms.

Childcare Leave: One of the parents or a guardian is entitled to leave for childcare until the child reaches the age of three. This leave can be used fully or partially, at the worker's discretion.

Additional Days for Parents: Parents raising children under 12 years old are entitled to an additional day off every three months. If they have two children, one additional day per month, and if three or more children, two days per month.

Public Holidays

The following official holidays in Lithuania are non-working days:

January 1 — New Year's Day

February 16 — Day of Restoration of the State of Lithuania

March 11 — Day of Restoration of Independence of Lithuania

Easter Sunday and Monday (dates change annually)

May 1 — International Workers' Day

First Sunday of May — Mother's Day

First Sunday of June — Father's Day

June 24 — St. John's Day (Joninės)

July 6 — King Mindaugas' Coronation Day

August 15 — Assumption Day

November 1 — All Saints' Day

December 24 — Christmas Eve

December 25 and 26 — Christmas

If a holiday falls on a weekend, an additional day off is not provided.

It is important to note that Lithuanian labor law ensures the protection of workers' rights and establishes clear procedures for dismissal and granting leave. It is recommended to always consult with the employer or a legal specialist to obtain up-to-date information and adhere to all required procedures. 

Several trade unions operate in Lithuania, representing and protecting workers’ rights in various industries.

Confederation of Lithuanian Trade Unions:

The largest national trade union federation, including 23 sectoral organizations.

Represents worker interests at national and international levels, engages in social dialogue with the government and employers.

Provides legal assistance, advises on labor rights, and working conditions.

Facilitates the conclusion of collective agreements, improvement of working conditions, and wage increases.

Lithuanian Trade Union Alliance:

Represents collective and individual interests of workers, protecting their honor and dignity.

Provides legal assistance in individual and collective labor disputes.

Concludes territorial and other collective agreements aimed at improving working conditions.

Lithuanian Trade Union "Solidarity":

Unites workers from social services, transport, social insurance, education, industry, medicine, energy, and other sectors.

Actively participates in resolving worker issues, including improving working conditions and protecting social guarantees.

Organizes actions and campaigns in support of worker rights, interacts with government authorities and employers.

Union of Lithuanian Seafarers:

A voluntary, independent trade union representing the interests of seafarers and specialists related to shipping.

Protects professional, labor, economic, and social rights of members both in Lithuania and abroad.

Provides legal support, advises on labor relations in the maritime industry.

How trade unions can help workers

Protection of labor rights: Trade unions represent the interests of employees in negotiations with employers, ensuring compliance with labor laws and improving working conditions.

Legal support: Provide consultations and assistance in resolving labor disputes, including representation in courts and governmental bodies.

Collective agreements: Facilitate the conclusion of collective agreements that establish additional guarantees and benefits for employees.

Training and informing: Organize seminars, training sessions, and informational campaigns on labor rights, workplace safety, and social security.

Social support: Provide assistance in difficult life situations, help in obtaining social benefits and guarantees.

Membership in a trade union offers employees additional opportunities to protect their rights and improve working conditions. Trade unions play a key role in ensuring fair and safe working conditions, as well as promoting the social and economic interests of workers. 

Conducting entrepreneurial activities in Lithuania is characterized by a favorable business climate, simple enterprise registration, and an attractive tax system. Let's consider the key features:

Organizational and legal forms of enterprises.

UAB (Uždaroji akcinė bendrovė): equivalent to a limited liability company. Minimum share capital — 2,500 euros. Members have liability within their contributions.

AB (Akcinė bendrovė): equivalent to a joint-stock company. Minimum share capital — 25,000 euros. Shares can be freely traded on the market.

IĮ (Individuali įmonė): individual enterprise. Founded by a single natural person with unlimited liability for enterprise obligations.

MB (Mažoji bendrija): small community, equivalent to a limited partnership. No minimum share capital required. Members have liability within their contributions.

Enterprise registration process: includes preparing founding documents, opening a bank account, registering in state registers.

Tax system:

Corporate tax: Standard rate — 15%. For small enterprises with up to 10 employees and annual income up to 300,000 euros, a reduced rate of 5% applies.

Value-added tax: Standard rate — 21%. Reduced rates of 9% and 5% apply to certain goods and services.

Personal income tax: Rate — 20% for most types of income.

Social contributions: Employer pays 1.77% of the payroll, employee — 19.5%.

Features of doing business:

Free economic zones: Lithuania has several Free Economic Zones offering tax benefits and developed infrastructure for enterprises. Companies operating in free zones are exempt from corporate tax for the first 6 years and receive a 50% discount for the next 10 years.

Startup support: Lithuania actively supports innovative enterprises by offering various funding and mentorship programs.

Access to European markets: Membership in the European Union provides free access to EU markets and simplifies trade operations.

Labor legislation:

Employment contracts: Required for all employees. Contracts can be fixed-term or indefinite.

Working hours: Standard work week — 40 hours. Overtime work is paid additionally.

Leave: Minimum annual paid leave — 20 working days.

Administrative procedures:

Licensing: Certain types of activities require special licenses or permits.

Accounting: Enterprises are obliged to maintain accounting in accordance with national standards and submit financial reports to tax authorities.

Overall, Lithuania offers favorable conditions for conducting business, combining the simplicity of administrative procedures with an attractive tax system and access to European markets. However, it is recommended to consult with local lawyers and accountants before starting a business to account for all nuances and ensure compliance with legislation.