Migration questions Netherlands

In the Netherlands, there are several types of residence permits issued depending on the purpose of a foreigner's stay in the country. 

Residence Permit for Work

   - Highly skilled migrant: For professionals invited to work in the Netherlands by a company that is a recognized sponsor.

   - Intra-company transfer: For employees of international companies transferred to a Dutch branch.

   - Regular employment: For foreign workers hired to work in the Netherlands under a standard employment contract.

 

Residence Permit for Study

   - For international students enrolled in a recognized educational institution in the Netherlands.

 

Residence Permit for Entrepreneurs and Self-employed Individuals

   - Residence permit for entrepreneurs: For individuals planning to start their own business in the Netherlands. The condition is to prove that the business is significant to the country's economy.

   - Start-up visa: For start-up entrepreneurs who want to establish an innovative company in the Netherlands. Having a recognized business mentor is required.

 

Residence Permit for Family Circumstances

   - Family reunification: For family members (spouses, children, parents) who wish to join a relative legally residing in the Netherlands.

   - Residence permit for partners: For those entering into marriage or registering a partnership with a Dutch citizen or a residence permit holder.

 

Residence Permit for Scientists and Researchers

   - Residence permit for scientific researchers: Provided to scientists participating in recognized scientific programs or projects.

 

Temporary Stay for Job Search

   - One-year orientation residence permit: For recent graduates and researchers who wish to stay in the Netherlands for a year to search for a job or start a business.

 

Permanent Residence

   - Permanent residence: After 5 years of continuous and legal residence in the Netherlands, one can apply for permanent residence.

 

 

To obtain a residence permit in the Netherlands, foreigners must complete several key steps and provide the necessary documents. 

Document Requirements

To apply for a residence permit in the Netherlands, you need to provide the following documents:

   - Valid passport: Copy of all pages, including blank ones.

   - Passport photo: Ensure it meets the standards set by the Immigration and Naturalization Service.

   - Proof of purpose of stay: For example, an employment contract, documents confirming study, or documents related to entrepreneurial activity.

   - Proof of financial means: Confirmation that you have sufficient funds to live in the country.

   - Insurance: Proof of health insurance valid in the Netherlands.

   - Proof of residence: This may be a lease agreement or property documents.

 

Application Review Times

The processing time for a residence permit application can vary depending on the type of permit:

   - If you require an entry visa, you must apply for it and the residence permit simultaneously. The process usually takes about 90 days.

   - If you do not require a visa (for example, if you are an EU or EEA citizen), the residence permit application review time can range from 60 to 90 days.

 

Municipality Registration

After obtaining a residence permit, you must register with the local municipality within 5 days of arrival to receive a social security number.

 

Each type of residence permit has its specific requirements and conditions, so it's important to study the information in detail and, if necessary, seek advice from a lawyer or migration specialist.

Documents for obtaining a residence permit in the Netherlands can be submitted by following a detailed guide that covers the main steps and requirements. 

 

1. Determine the type of residence permit.

 

2. Gather the necessary documents.

Depending on the type of residence permit, you will need different documents. 

 

3. Apply for a visa (if required)

Citizens of certain countries may need to apply for a visa before entering the Netherlands. The visa application and residence permit are often submitted simultaneously.

 

4. Complete and submit the application.

   - Online submission: Depending on the type of permit, you can submit an application online through the Immigration and Naturalisation Service's website, which requires a DigiD account*.

   - Submission through employer or educational institution: In some cases, your employer or educational institution can apply for your residence permit on your behalf.

   - Submission through the consulate: If you are applying from abroad, it can be done through a Dutch consulate or embassy in your country.

 

5. Pay the fee.

 

6. Wait for the decision.

After submitting the application, it usually takes a few weeks for processing. On average, it takes from 60 to 90 days. You can track the status of your application through a personal account on the Immigration and Naturalisation Service's website or receive notifications via email.

 

7. Receive the decision and arrange the document.

If your application is approved, you will be granted a residence permit. You will be notified when and where you can pick up the document. Upon receiving the residence permit, you may need to provide biometric data (photo, fingerprints).

 

8. Register with the municipality.

After obtaining the residence permit, it is necessary to register with the municipality where you plan to reside. This must be done within 5 days of arrival. Registration is required to obtain a social security number (BSN).

 

*Note: 

DigiD is an electronic identification system in the Netherlands that enables citizens and residents to securely and conveniently access various online services of government institutions as well as private organizations. A DigiD account represents a unique digital identifier consisting of a username and password linked to your personal data, such as a social security number (BSN).

 

Main functions of DigiD:

- Access to government services: With DigiD, you can access various government services, such as filing tax returns, obtaining medical information, registering with a municipality, and applying for social benefits.

  

- Identity verification: DigiD is used to verify your identity in online systems, making it the equivalent of a digital signature in the electronic world.

 

- Security: For security purposes, DigiD offers two-factor authentication via the mobile app, enhancing the protection of your data.

 

How to create a DigiD account?

To create a DigiD account, follow these steps:

1. Go to the official DigiD website (https://www.digid.nl/en/).

2. Register: You need to enter your personal data, including BSN, email address, and choose a username and password.

3. Confirm identity: You will receive a letter with an activation code at your postal address, which you need to enter on the DigiD website to complete the registration.

4. Install the DigiD app: To enhance security, you can install the DigiD app on a mobile device.

 

Who can use DigiD?

A DigiD account is available to citizens and residents of the Netherlands, including those who have a permit to stay and reside in the country. Some services may also be available to citizens of other countries residing in the Netherlands.

 

DigiD plays a key role in digital interaction with government services in the Netherlands and makes access to these services fast and secure.

Freedom of movement and residence

EU and EEA citizens have the right to move freely to the Netherlands and reside there for more than 90 days without needing a residence permit. They can come to the Netherlands with a valid passport or identity card and immediately begin seeking housing and employment.

 

Employment without a permit

EU and EEA citizens do not require a work permit for employment in the Netherlands. This means they can freely seek employment and enter into labor contracts under the same conditions as Dutch citizens.

 

Registration in the Municipality

If EU or EEA citizens plan to stay in the Netherlands for more than 4 months, they must register with the local municipality at their place of residence. After registration, they receive a social security number, which is necessary for accessing public services, opening a bank account, and paying taxes.

 

Access to Social Services

After registration, EU and EEA citizens are entitled to access social services such as healthcare, education, social insurance, and pension schemes. They may also be eligible for social benefits and allowances, such as unemployment benefits or family benefits, subject to the relevant conditions.

 

Health Insurance

EU and EEA citizens are required to obtain health insurance in the Netherlands if they plan to stay in the country long-term. This requirement applies to all residents of the Netherlands, including foreign nationals.

 

Entrepreneurial Activities

EU and EEA citizens can freely engage in entrepreneurial activities in the Netherlands. They can start their own business by registering it with the Chamber of Commerce and conduct business activities on the same terms as Dutch citizens.

 

Conditions for Family Members

Family members of EU and EEA citizens who are not EU or EEA citizens themselves can join them in the Netherlands. In such cases, additional documents may be required to prove family ties and financial stability.

For citizens from countries outside the European Union, staying and working in the Netherlands requires compliance with a number of specific requirements and procedures. 

- Obtaining a visa and residence permit.

- Work permit. Types of work permits:

   Highly skilled migrant: This type of permit is designed for highly qualified specialists invited to work in the Netherlands. The employer must be a recognized sponsor in IND, and the salary must meet the established minimum requirements.

   Work based on contract: Citizens working under an employment contract need to obtain a standard work permit unless they fall under the category of highly skilled migrants.

   Permit for entrepreneurs and freelancers: Citizens wishing to start their own business or work as self-employed can apply for an entrepreneur permit, which requires proof that their activity is significant for the Dutch economy.

- Registration in the municipality

   - Upon arrival in the Netherlands, citizens from non-EU countries must register with the municipality at their place of residence and obtain a social security number (BSN). This number is necessary for tax purposes, opening bank accounts, and accessing social services.

- Health insurance

   - All residents of the Netherlands are required to have health insurance. After registering with the municipality, foreigners must obtain a health insurance policy.

These specifics make the process of obtaining residence and work permits in the Netherlands complex but achievable with proper preparation and understanding of all legal requirements.

1. Determine the validity period of your current residence permit

   - Usually, you must apply for an extension no later than 3 months before the expiration of your current residence permit.

 

2. Prepare the necessary documents

   - The following documents are required to extend a residence permit:

     - Valid passport.

     - Current residence permit.

     - Proof of continuation of the basis for residence (e.g., employment contract, confirmation of studies, or family documents).

     - Proof of financial stability (income documents, bank statements, etc.).

     - Health insurance.

 

3. Submit the application for extension

   - Online application: Depending on the type of your residence permit, you can submit an extension application online through the Immigration and Naturalization Service (IND) website. A DigiD account is required for this.

   - Submission via mail: In some cases, the application can be submitted by mail by completing the necessary forms, which can be found on the IND website.

   - In-person at the IND office: If you have difficulties with online submission, you can make an appointment at the IND office and submit the documents in person.

 

4. Payment of the fee

   - Submitting an application for residence permit extension is accompanied by the payment of a state fee. The fee amount depends on the type of your permit. The fee can be paid online or by another specified method.

 

5. Application review

   - After submission of the application and payment of the fee, IND will begin the review process. It usually takes 2 to 3 months, depending on the complexity of the case and the workload of the service.

   - If your application is submitted on time, you can continue to legally reside in the Netherlands until a decision is made, even if your current residence permit expires during the review.

 

6. Receiving the decision

   - If the renewal application is approved, you will receive notification from IND about the extension of your residence permit. You will be issued a new document confirming your right to reside in the Netherlands.

   - If the application is denied, you will be given the opportunity to appeal.

 

7. Extension in special cases

   - In some cases, such as a change in the basis for stay (change of job, change in marital status, etc.), additional documents may be required, or you may need to apply for a new type of residence permit.

Obtaining health insurance in the Netherlands is mandatory for all residents of the country, including foreign citizens. 

 

1. Determine the type of insurance

In the Netherlands, there are two main types of health insurance:

   - Mandatory basic insurance: Covers basic medical services, such as doctor visits, hospitalization, and some medications. All residents are required to have this type of insurance.

   - Additional insurance: Covers extra services such as dental care, physiotherapy, and other specialized services not included in the basic insurance.

 

2. Choose an insurance company

There are many insurance companies in the Netherlands offering basic and additional health insurance. All insurance companies are required to offer basic insurance under the same conditions, but the cost and coverage of additional insurance may vary. It is recommended to compare the offers of different companies to choose the best option. Some popular insurance companies in the Netherlands: Zilveren Kruis, VGZ, CZ, Menzis.

 

3. Register with the municipality and obtain a social security number

Before obtaining insurance, you must register with the local municipality and obtain a social security number (BSN). This number is required when signing a contract with an insurance company.

 

4. Conclude a contract with the insurance company

After choosing an insurance company, you need to conclude a contract. This can be done online, by phone, or at the company's office. You will need to provide your personal data, including BSN, and choose an insurance plan.

 

5. Pay the insurance premium

Insurance premiums in the Netherlands are collected monthly. The cost of basic insurance varies depending on the chosen plan and insurance company but averages around 100-130 euros per month. Additional insurance is paid separately, and its cost depends on the selected coverage.

 

6. Receive the insurance card

After concluding the contract, you will receive an insurance card, which will serve as proof of your insurance. This card must be presented when visiting a doctor or other medical institutions.

 

7. Important deadlines

A new resident of the Netherlands is required to obtain health insurance within 4 months of registering with the municipality. If you do not obtain insurance on time, you may be fined and insured compulsorily.

Obtaining Dutch citizenship is a complex process that requires fulfilling a number of conditions and complying with certain procedures. 

 

Ways to obtain citizenship

There are several ways to obtain Dutch citizenship:

- Naturalization: This is the most common method of obtaining citizenship for foreigners residing in the Netherlands.

- Option procedure: A simplified process for certain categories of individuals, such as former Dutch citizens or people born in the Netherlands to foreign parents.

- Automatic acquisition: Citizenship can be acquired automatically, for example, if a child is born to one or both parents with Dutch citizenship.

 

Requirements for Naturalization

To apply for naturalization, you need to meet the following conditions:

- Minimum residency period: You must have legally resided in the Netherlands for at least 5 uninterrupted years. In some cases, such as being married to a Dutch citizen, this period can be reduced to 3 years.

- Dutch language proficiency: You must demonstrate sufficient proficiency in the Dutch language (minimum level A2) by passing the Inburgeringsexamen or providing other documents proving your language level.

- Renunciation of previous citizenship: In most cases, you must renounce your previous citizenship. There are exceptions, for example, for EU citizens or those who cannot renounce citizenship of their country for legal reasons.

- Clean criminal record: You must not have serious criminal records in your history.

 

Application Process

 - Application submission: The application for naturalization is submitted at the municipality (gemeente) where you are registered. You will need to fill out an application form, provide the necessary documents, and pay a fee.

- Application review: After submission, the review process can take from 6 to 12 months. During the review, your resident status must remain legal.

- Decision: If your application is approved, you will receive a notification that you can participate in the citizenship ceremony, where you will take an oath of allegiance to the Netherlands.

 

4. Option Procedure

- If you are eligible for the option procedure, obtaining citizenship will be simpler and faster than naturalization. Unlike naturalization, the option procedure is available to those who already have certain ties to the Netherlands. The conditions and procedures of the option procedure depend on your specific situation.

Birth in the Netherlands: Persons born in the Netherlands and residing in the country since birth can apply for citizenship through the option procedure if they have lived in the Netherlands for at least 3 years and have never held another citizenship.

Marriage to a Dutch citizen: Foreign citizens married or in a registered partnership with a Dutch citizen can apply for the option procedure after 3 years of marriage or partnership and continuous residence in the Netherlands during that time.

Born to Dutch parents: Persons born to one Dutch parent outside the Netherlands can obtain citizenship through the option procedure if they have legally resided in the country for a certain period.

Long-term residence in the Netherlands: Persons who have permanently resided in the Netherlands for 15 years or more and have a residence permit can obtain citizenship through the option procedure.

Former Dutch citizens: Persons who previously held Dutch citizenship and lost it can restore citizenship through the option procedure under certain conditions, such as long-term residence in the country.

Children under guardianship: Minor children under the guardianship of Dutch citizens for at least 3 years can obtain citizenship through the option procedure.

Parents who are Dutch citizens: If your parent becomes a Dutch citizen through the option procedure, you can also obtain citizenship if you are under 18 and live with that parent.

 

The option procedure is usually less complicated than naturalization and does not require renouncing previous citizenship (in some cases). The application for the option procedure is submitted through the municipality, and after approval, participation in the citizenship ceremony is required.

Yes, with a temporary residence permit in the Netherlands, you can leave and return to the country, but you need to consider several important points:

 

Validity of Residence Permit

   - Your temporary residence permit must be valid at the time of your return to the Netherlands. If your residence permit expires while you are abroad, you must return before it expires or extend it before departure.

 

Schengen Visa and Movement within the Schengen Zone

   - The Netherlands is part of the Schengen Zone, so with a temporary residence permit, you can freely move between other Schengen Zone countries for 90 days within a 180-day period. When traveling outside the Schengen Zone, consider the visa requirements of the country you plan to visit.

 

Travel Outside the EU

   - If you plan to travel outside of the European Union, ensure you have a valid temporary residence permit to return to the Netherlands. In some cases, a visa may be required to enter non-EU countries.

 

Returning After Long Stays Abroad

   - A temporary residence permit can be canceled if you leave the Netherlands for an extended period. Generally, being absent for more than 6 months can affect your status. If planning an extended absence, it's advisable to inform the Immigration and Naturalization Service and inquire about possible consequences.

 

Extension of Residence Permit

   - If your residence permit is nearing expiration, ensure you submit an extension application in time. The extension must be requested while you are still in the Netherlands, as it's impossible to apply for an extension from abroad.

In the event of a denial of a residence permit in the Netherlands, it is crucial to act quickly and organized, in order to be able to appeal the decision or submit a new application.

 

1. Review the Reasons for Denial

   - Upon receiving a notification of denial from the Immigration and Naturalization Service, carefully review the reasons for the denial. The document will specify why your application was rejected and on what grounds the decision was made.

 

2. Consult with a Lawyer

   - It is recommended to consult a lawyer specializing in immigration law to discuss possible options. A lawyer can help you assess the validity of the denial and determine whether to file an appeal or better submit a new application.

 

3. File an Appeal

   - If you believe that the denial was erroneous or unjustified, you can file an appeal. The appeal must be submitted within 4 weeks of receiving the notification of denial. The appeal should state the reasons why you disagree with the decision and provide additional documents if necessary.

   - The appeal should be directed to the Immigration and Naturalization Service. After the appeal is submitted, the Immigration and Naturalization Service will review your case and make a new decision.

 

4. Appeal Process

   - Your appeal will be considered within several months. During this time, your residence status may be temporarily extended. If the appeal is successful, you will be issued a residence permit. If not, you will receive a detailed explanation of why the decision remained unchanged.

 

5. Court Appeal

   - If your appeal was rejected, you have the right to go to court. A lawsuit must be filed in an administrative court within 4 weeks after receiving the appeal decision. The legal process can take several months, and it is advisable to continue cooperation with your lawyer.

 

6. Submit a New Application

   - If the appeal or court process did not lead to a positive result, you have the option to submit a new residence permit application. In this case, it is important to correct the errors that led to the initial denial and provide additional evidence to support your right to stay.

 

7. Other Actions

   - Depending on your situation, you may also consider other legal options, such as obtaining temporary protection or changing the basis for staying (e.g., changing the type of visa or residence permit).

For successful completion of migration procedures in the Netherlands, it's important to understand that you may need translation services, especially if you do not have an adequate command of Dutch or English. 

 

Need for Translators

   - Official Documents: If you are submitting documents for a residence permit, citizenship, or other migration procedures, all documents not in Dutch or English must be translated into one of these languages. The translation should be performed by a sworn translator accredited in the Netherlands.

   - Interviews and Hearings: In some cases, such as applying for asylum or during appeal hearings, the presence of a translator may be required to accurately understand questions and provide answers.

 

Finding a Translator

   - National Registry of Sworn Interpreters and Translators (Rbtv) (https://www.bureauwbtv.nl/): One of the best ways to find an accredited sworn translator is to refer to the National Registry of Sworn Interpreters and Translators. This registry contains information about qualified translators who can officially translate documents for legal and migration purposes.

   - Translation Agencies: There are many agencies in the Netherlands specializing in document translation for migration purposes. These agencies can provide translators for various languages and types of documents.

   - Consultations at Migration Services: In some cases, migration service staff may offer a list of recommended translators or agencies.

 

When a Translator is Not Required

   - Knowledge of English: If your documents are already in English, or you are fluent in English, the need for a translator may be eliminated as many migration procedures and communication with migration services allow the use of English.