Work Netherlands

To obtain a work permit in the Netherlands, foreigners need to meet certain requirements and provide the necessary documents. The process and required documents depend on the applicant's citizenship and the type of work they are applying for.

 

European Union and European Economic Area Citizens

   - Work permit: Citizens of EU/EEA countries and Switzerland can work in the Netherlands without needing a separate work permit. They have the right to move and work freely in any EU country.

   - Documents: To start working, they only need to register with the municipality where they will live, obtain a BSN (social security number), and arrange for health insurance.

 

Non-EU/EEA Citizens

   - Work permit: Citizens from non-EU/EEA countries typically need to obtain a work permit. Depending on the type of job and duration of stay, this could be:

     - TWV: A separate work permit that an employer must obtain for their employee if they will be working in the Netherlands for less than 90 days.

     - GVVA: A combined residence and work permit issued for more than 90 days. This is a single document that includes both residence and work permits.

 

Application process

   - Employer: Usually, the employer submits the application for a work permit to the Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND). The employer must prove that no suitable candidate could be found among EU/EEA citizens for the position.

   - Applicant: In some cases, foreigners may apply on their own if they are already in the Netherlands on other grounds (such as with a student visa).

Employment for EU Citizens

   - Freedom of movement and employment: Citizens of EU member states, the European Economic Area, and Switzerland have the right to freely move and work in the Netherlands without needing a work permit. This right also extends to their spouses and children, even if they are not EU citizens.

   - Employment procedure: For employment, EU citizens only need to register with the municipality where they will live and obtain a BSN (social security number). Health insurance is also required, as it is mandatory in the Netherlands.

   - Work without restrictions: EU citizens can hold any position and work either as employees or self-employed. No additional permits or quotas are required for them.

 

Employment for non-EU Citizens

   - Work permit: Non-EU/EEA citizens must obtain a work permit. The permit is usually organized by the employer and depends on the type of job and duration of the employment contract.

   - Quotas and restrictions: Some professions or sectors may have quotas or restrictions on the number of jobs available to non-EU citizens. 

Online platforms and job websites

   - LinkedIn: LinkedIn is one of the most popular tools for job searching in the Netherlands. On this platform, you can find job listings, connect with professionals and companies, and keep up with labor market news.

   - Indeed.nl: This is one of the largest platforms for job searching, collecting vacancies from numerous sources, including company and recruitment agency websites.

   - Werk.nl: The official website of the Employment Agency in the Netherlands (UWV) offers an extensive job database, as well as job search advice and resume preparation tips.

   - Glassdoor and Monsterboard: These sites not only offer job listings but also employee reviews about companies, which can help better understand the culture and working conditions in various organizations.

 

Recruitment agencies

   - Many recruitment agencies operate in the Netherlands and specialize in various industries. Some well-known agencies include Randstad, Adecco, and Manpower. These agencies help find both temporary and permanent jobs and offer career advancement consultations.

   - Specialized agencies: Depending on your profession or level of qualification, it may be useful to contact specialized agencies that operate in specific sectors such as IT, finance, engineering, or medicine.

 

Networking and personal connections

   - Events and conferences: The Netherlands hosts numerous professional conferences, job fairs, and networking events where you can meet potential employers and colleagues. Use networking opportunities to expand your professional network.

   - Professional associations: Joining professional associations or interest clubs can also help you find a job through personal recommendations.

 

Direct approach to employers

   - Cold applications: In the Netherlands, it is common practice to approach companies directly, even if they have not announced job openings. This can be especially useful in small and medium-sized companies where a vacancy may be opened upon finding a suitable candidate.

   - Preparing a resume and cover letter: It is important to tailor your resume and cover letter to a specific job and company. In the Netherlands, brevity and specificity are valued, so your resume should clearly demonstrate your skills and experience.

 

Educational institutions and internships

   - If you are a student or recent graduate, educational institutions often offer internship programs or have partnerships with companies, which can be a great start to your career in the Netherlands.

   - Internships: Many companies offer internships that can turn into permanent employment. Internships provide an opportunity to gain experience and prove yourself to an employer.

Employment in the Netherlands requires meeting several requirements, which may vary depending on the industry and specific job. The main requirements include language proficiency, qualification, and professional experience.

 

Language proficiency

   - Dutch language: Although many international companies and startups in the Netherlands may use English as the primary working language, knowing Dutch is still a significant advantage and sometimes a necessity, especially in local companies, government institutions, and customer service sectors.

   - English language: English is widely used in the business environment, especially in Amsterdam and other major cities. For many international positions, proficiency in English at a professional level is a basic requirement.

   - Other languages: Knowledge of other foreign languages, such as German or French, can be a plus, especially in international companies working with European markets.

 

Qualification and education

   - Academic qualification: Depending on the profession, employers may require a specific academic degree. In some cases, especially in scientific or engineering fields, it may be necessary to validate your diploma in the Netherlands through the system for recognizing foreign diplomas.

   - Professional qualification: Some professions require specific professional qualifications or licenses, such as medical, engineering, or legal professions. These qualifications may also need recognition in the Netherlands before starting work.

 

Work experience

   - Relevant experience: Experience in a specific industry or a similar specialty is often a key factor in employment. Employers may require proof of your experience in the form of recommendations, portfolios, or lists of completed projects.

   - Internships and practical training: For young professionals and graduates, internships and practical training are an excellent way to gain the necessary experience and improve their employment prospects.

 

Soft skills and cultural adaptation

   - Intercultural skills: The Netherlands is a country with a multicultural work environment, and the ability to work in an international team is an important skill. Employers value flexibility, adaptability, and the ability to communicate across cultures.

   - Teamwork and initiative: Dutch business culture is known for its openness and horizontal hierarchy. Employees are expected to show initiative, collaborate within a team, and propose their ideas.

 

Thus, to successfully secure employment in the Netherlands, it's important to have language skills, relevant qualifications, and work experience, as well as intercultural skills and the ability to adapt to the local work culture. Preparing a resume and a portfolio tailored to the requirements of a specific vacancy also plays a key role in the job search process.

 

 

Special cases

- Recognition of a foreign diploma: To recognize a foreign diploma in the Netherlands, foreigners must undergo the nostrification process.

   - Regulated professions: If your profession is regulated by law (e.g., doctor, lawyer, engineer), you may need additional accreditation or licensing. In this case, you should contact the relevant professional body responsible for issuing licenses and accreditation in the Netherlands.

   - Training courses and internships: In some cases, additional training courses or internships may be required to meet the requirements for working in the Netherlands.

Skilled labor

Technology and IT

   - Information technology: The Netherlands is one of the leading European centers in the field of technology and IT. Amsterdam and other major cities in the country attract many international tech companies, such as Google, Microsoft, and Booking.com. In this industry, programmers, security engineers, big data specialists, and artificial intelligence experts are in demand.

   - Fintech: The fintech sector (financial technologies) is actively developing, offering opportunities for work in software development, data analysis, and risk management.

 

Engineering and mechanical engineering

   - High-tech manufacturing: The Netherlands is actively developing high-tech manufacturing companies, such as ASML and Philips. In this industry, engineers, project management specialists, and technologists are in demand.

   - Energy and sustainable technologies: The Netherlands is actively investing in the development of green energy, including wind and solar energy. Engineers, sustainable development specialists, and experts in renewable energy sources are particularly in demand in this field.

 

Healthcare

   - Healthcare professionals: Due to the growing population and increasing proportion of elderly people, there is a high demand for healthcare professionals in the country, including doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, and elder care specialists.

   - Biotechnology and pharmaceuticals: The Netherlands is also a center for biotechnology and pharmaceuticals, offering many opportunities for researchers and specialists in this field.

 

Logistics and transportation

   - Logistics: Thanks to its geographical location, the Netherlands is an important logistics hub in Europe. The country is home to some of the world's largest ports and airports, such as the Port of Rotterdam and Schiphol Airport. Specialists in logistics, supply chain management, and transportation are in demand in this industry.

   - Transportation and distribution: Due to the growth of e-commerce, there is an increasing demand for specialists in the distribution and transportation of goods.

 

Agricultural sector

   - Agriculture and food industry: The Netherlands is one of the largest exporters of agricultural products in the world. Specialists in agro-technologies, agricultural management, and food production are in demand in this industry.

 

Finance and insurance

   - Banking and insurance: The Netherlands remains one of Europe's financial centers. Banks and insurance companies are actively operating in Amsterdam and other cities, creating demand for specialists in financial analysis, risk management, and accounting.

 

 

Unskilled labor

 

Agriculture and food industry

   - Seasonal work: Agriculture, especially during the harvest season, requires a large number of workers for seasonal tasks such as picking fruits and vegetables, packaging, and sorting products.

   - Food industry: On production lines in the food industry, unskilled workers are often required to perform tasks related to processing, packaging, and transporting products.

 

Logistics and Warehouse Work

   - Warehouse Logistics: The demand for warehouse workers responsible for order picking, packing, and loading goods continues to grow in the Netherlands, particularly in major logistics centers and hubs such as the Port of Rotterdam and distribution centers of large retailers.

   - Transport and Delivery: With the growth of e-commerce, there is also an increasing need for courier drivers and delivery staff.

 

Construction

   - Laborers: The construction industry in the Netherlands consistently demands laborers who assist at construction sites with various tasks that do not require specialized skills.

 

Cleaning and Janitorial Services

   - Cleaning: In large cities and tourist areas of the Netherlands, there is a demand for workers for cleaning hotels, offices, and other public places. This field often hires unskilled employees to carry out cleaning tasks and maintain cleanliness.

 

Service Sector

   - Service Staff: In the hospitality industry, restaurants and cafes, as well as the retail sector, there is often a need for employees to perform tasks related to customer service, working at cash registers, and maintaining order in sales areas.

 

These positions are often available to foreign citizens, especially those who are ready for physical labor and eager to gain work experience in the Netherlands.

The pension system in the Netherlands is organized through a multi-tier system, which includes state, occupational, and private pension schemes. This system provides a stable basis for retirement income and ensures protection for the country's residents.

 

State Pension (AOW)

   - Description: The state pension in the Netherlands is a basic pension that all residents of the Netherlands receive upon reaching retirement age. The retirement age is gradually increasing and will be 67 in 2024. The amount of pension depends on the number of years lived in the Netherlands between the ages of 15 and 67.

   - Payment Amount: The pension is fixed and does not depend on your previous earnings. It covers basic living expenses and can be supplemented by other types of pensions and income. If a person has lived in the Netherlands for less than 50 years, their pension will be proportionately reduced.

 

Occupational Pension

   - Description: The occupational pension is provided through the employer and is part of collective agreements. Most employers offer their employees participation in pension funds. These funds accumulate funds for a pension based on the employee's salary and work experience.

   - Payment Amount: The occupational pension depends on the level of income and work experience. Typically, both the employee and the employer contribute to the pension fund. Upon retirement, these savings are paid monthly in addition to the state pension.

 

Private Pension Savings

   - Description: For additional retirement provision, people can voluntarily contribute to private pension accounts or investment products. This is particularly relevant for self-employed individuals, freelancers, and those who wish to further increase their retirement income.

   - Types of Savings: Private pension plans can include individual pension accounts or investment accounts that allow funds to be accumulated with the possibility of earning investment income.

 

Taxation of Pensions

   - Taxation of AOW: The state pension is subject to tax according to the general tax rates for pensioners. In the Netherlands, there are benefits and deductions for pensioners that can reduce the taxable base.

   - Taxation of Occupational Pension: Payments from occupational pension funds are also subject to taxation. The amount of tax depends on the pensioner's total income and can vary depending on their individual circumstances.

 

Features for Foreign Citizens

   - Transfer of Pensions: Foreigners working in the Netherlands can transfer their pension rights to other EU countries upon relocation. There are also social security agreements with a number of non-EU countries, allowing pension savings to be transferred or pensions to be received abroad.

   - Periods of Residence and Work: To receive the full AOW pension, one must live in the Netherlands for at least 50 years between the ages of 15 and 67. Foreigners who have lived in the country for a shorter period receive a pension proportional to their time of residence.

The social insurance system in the Netherlands covers several key areas, including pension, medical, and unemployment insurance. This system is designed to provide social protection to all residents of the country, including foreign citizens.

 

Pension Insurance

   - State Pension (AOW): Provided to all residents of the Netherlands upon reaching retirement age. The pension is funded through mandatory wage deductions and aims to provide a basic level of income in retirement.

   - Professional Pension Funds: Most employees participate in pension funds, which offer additional benefits on top of the state pension. 

 

Medical Insurance

   - Mandatory Medical Insurance: Every resident of the Netherlands is required to have basic medical insurance, which covers essential medical services like doctor visits, hospitalization, and medications. 

   - Additional Medical Insurance: For supplemental medical services, additional insurance can be purchased.

 

Accident and Disability Insurance

   - Disability Insurance: This insurance is intended to protect employees who have lost the ability to work due to illness or disability. 

   - Accident Insurance: If an employee falls ill and cannot work, they are entitled to receive sickness benefits, which are paid during the first two years of illness.

 

Unemployment Insurance 

   - Unemployment Benefit: In the event of losing a job, residents of the Netherlands can receive unemployment benefits, which are paid based on their previous earnings and length of service. To receive benefits, one must register with the employment service (UWV) and actively seek new employment.

 

Social Insurance for Death 

   - Benefits for Widowers and Children: Provides financial support to widowers and children in the event of the breadwinner's death. The amount of payments depends on the age, income, and presence of minor children of the widower.

 

The social insurance system in the Netherlands is one of the most developed in Europe and provides comprehensive protection to residents in the event of income loss, illness, disability, and old age. This system is funded through mandatory contributions from both employers and employees, and covers both citizens and foreign residents working in the Netherlands.

In the Netherlands, labor relations are governed by strict legislation that protects workers' rights. Issues related to dismissal, leave, and holidays are regulated both by laws and collective agreements (CAO), which may vary depending on the industry and company. Below are the main rules concerning these aspects of labor relations.

 

Dismissal Rules

   - Dismissal Procedure: Dismissal in the Netherlands must comply with legislation that protects workers' rights. An employer cannot dismiss an employee without a valid reason, such as economic reasons or unsatisfactory work performance. 

   - Permission for Dismissal: In most cases, dismissal requires permission from the employment service or labor court. The employer must submit a request with an explanation of the reasons for dismissal, and only after obtaining permission can the employment contract be terminated.

   - Notice of Dismissal: Depending on the length of service with the company, the employer is required to notify the employee of the impending dismissal 1-4 months in advance. During the notice period, the employee continues to receive their salary.

 

Leave

   - Annual Paid Leave: In the Netherlands, each employee is entitled to paid leave equivalent to at least four times the number of working days per week. For example, if an employee works five days a week, they are entitled to 20 days of leave per year. These days must be used within 6 months after the end of the work year, unless otherwise stipulated by the collective agreement.

   - Sick leave: Employees are entitled to sick leave, which is paid for up to the first two years of illness. The employer is required to pay at least 70% of the salary, but not lower than the minimum wage level.

   - Parental leave: Parents in the Netherlands are entitled to unpaid parental leave of up to 26 weeks per child until the child reaches the age of eight. In some cases, collective agreements may provide for partial payment of this leave.

   - Maternity leave: Female employees are entitled to paid maternity leave for a minimum of 16 weeks. This leave is fully paid based on the average salary.

 

Public holidays

   - Official public holidays: The Netherlands has several official public holidays, such as New Year’s Day (January 1), King’s Day (April 27), Liberation Day (May 5 — every five years), Christmas (December 25 and 26), Easter, Pentecost, and others. Employers are not required to provide additional days off if a holiday falls on a weekend unless otherwise specified in a collective agreement.

   - Additional leave: In some sectors or companies, additional days off or compensation for working on holidays may be provided.

The largest trade unions in the Netherlands

   - FNV: the largest trade union in the Netherlands, bringing together workers from various sectors, including healthcare, transport, education, and industry. The union is actively involved in negotiations for collective agreements, protecting workers' rights, and improving working conditions.

   - CNV: a Christian trade union which also represents a wide range of industries. This union focuses on protecting workers' rights based on Christian values, and supports social and fair working conditions.

   - VCP: unites professional and managerial cadres. This trade union focuses on protecting the interests of highly qualified specialists and managers.

 

How can trade unions help?

   - Negotiations and collective agreements: Trade unions negotiate with employers and the government to conclude collective labor agreements that define working conditions, wages, vacation duration, and other important aspects of labor relations.

   - Legal support: Union members can receive legal support and advice in case of conflicts with the employer, such as unfair dismissal, disputes over wages, or working conditions. Unions can also represent employees' interests in court.

   - Protection of labor rights: Trade unions actively protect workers' rights, participate in initiatives to improve working conditions, and work towards creating more fair labor legislation.

   - Professional training and development: Many trade unions offer their members professional training and development programs, which help employees remain competitive in the labor market.

   - Social and financial benefits: Union members can receive various benefits, such as discounts on insurance, additional social guarantees, and access to financial advice.

 

Influence of trade unions on labor legislation

   - Trade unions play an important role in shaping labor legislation in the Netherlands. They actively participate in consultations with the government and propose changes to laws aimed at improving working conditions and protecting workers' rights.

Conducting business activities in the Netherlands for foreigners has its features, which are important to consider when planning business in this country. The Netherlands offers a favorable environment for entrepreneurship, but certain rules and requirements must be followed.

Business registration

   - Chamber of Commerce: To start a business in the Netherlands, it must be registered with the Chamber of Commerce (KvK). Registration is mandatory for all types of business activities, and after that, you will receive a unique KvK registration number and tax number.

   - Choosing a Legal Form: Foreigners can choose various legal forms for their business, such as sole proprietorship, private limited company (BV), public limited company (NV), or partnership (VOF). The most popular form for small and medium businesses is BV, which protects the owner's personal assets from company debts.

Taxation

   - VAT (BTW): Most entrepreneurs are required to register as VAT (BTW) payers and charge this tax to customers. The standard VAT rate in the Netherlands is 21%, but there are reduced rates (9%) and zero rates for certain goods and services.

   - Corporate Tax: Companies in the Netherlands pay corporate tax. The tax rate is 19% on income up to 200,000 euros and 25.8% on income exceeding this threshold.

   - Benefits and Deductions: There are tax benefits for startups, research and innovation companies, as well as for small businesses.

Accounting and Reporting

   - Accounting: Keeping accounts is mandatory for all entrepreneurs in the Netherlands. All financial transactions must be properly documented, and annual reports must be submitted to the tax authorities and the Chamber of Commerce. Small businesses can use a simplified reporting system.

   - Outsourcing Accounting: Many foreign entrepreneurs prefer to hire local accountants or use accounting firms for reporting and meeting tax obligations.