Work Romania

In Romania, foreigners who are not EU/EEA citizens are required to obtain a work permit and a long-term visa for legal employment.

 

 

 

Process of obtaining a work permit

 

 

 

The employer submits an application:

 

The employer must submit a work permit application on behalf of the foreign worker to the General Inspectorate for Immigration. The application must include proof of the legality of the employer's activities in Romania, a registration certificate, a certificate of absence of bankruptcy, and proof of payment of all taxes. The employer must also prove that the vacancy cannot be filled by Romanian or EU/EEA citizens.

 

 

 

Obtaining a work permit:

 

The application is processed within 30 days. If additional checks are needed, the period may be extended by another 15 days. Upon approval, the worker is issued a work permit.

 

 

 

Submitting an application for a long-term visa:

 

The worker must apply for a long-term employment visa (type D/AM) at the Romanian consulate in their country. The application must be submitted within 60 days from the date of obtaining the work permit and should include a copy of the work permit, financial means to support themselves for the entire duration of the visa, health insurance, criminal record certificate, and proof of accommodation.

 

 

 

Obtaining a temporary residence permit:

 

Upon arrival in Romania and signing the employment contract, the worker must apply for a temporary residence permit at the territorial office of the General Inspectorate for Immigration at their place of residence.

 

 

 

Special conditions

 

Some categories of foreign citizens may be exempt from the requirement to obtain a work permit, such as researchers performing temporary tasks at the request of state authorities, or citizens of certain countries, like the Republic of Moldova, Ukraine, and Serbia, who work under short-term contracts.

 

 

 

For more detailed information, it is recommended to consult professional immigration advisors or contact the General Inspectorate for Immigration of Romania directly.

For EU citizens

 

Citizens of the European Union, European Economic Area, and Switzerland have the right to free movement and employment in Romania without needing a work permit. They can work under the same conditions as Romanian citizens and do not need additional documents for employment. However, upon arrival, they must register with local authorities if their stay exceeds three months. It is important to have a valid passport or identity card.

 

 

 

For non-EU citizens

 

Citizens of third countries who wish to work in Romania must go through several stages, as described in question 1.

 

 

 

Additional conditions and benefits

 

For highly qualified workers with an "EU Blue Card," simplified entry and stay conditions in Romania are provided. They can stay in the country and work for up to 90 days in any 180-day period without needing a work permit.

 

 

 

Citizens of some countries, such as the Republic of Moldova, Ukraine, and Serbia, can work in Romania under short-term contracts for up to nine months a year without needing a work permit.

Finding a job in Romania can be challenging, especially if you do not speak Romanian, but there are numerous resources and strategies that can help you in this process.

 

 

 

There are many websites where job vacancies are posted, in both Romanian and English:

 

 

 

eJobs.ro: one of the most popular job search sites in Romania, with many vacancies including those requiring English proficiency.

 

BestJobs.ro: a large platform offering vacancies in various industries.

 

MyJob.ro: offers a wide range of vacancies from skilled specialists to unskilled labor positions.

 

Hipo.ro: a site where you can find vacancies from large Romanian companies.

 

OLX.ro: although this site is mainly used for ad placement, you can also find job vacancies here.

 

 

 

Job search through social networks and professional communities

 

LinkedIn - a professional social network that allows you to search for vacancies, establish business contacts, and keep track of new opportunities.

 

InterNations - a community for expats where you can find employment advice and social events that help make connections.

 

 

 

Contact recruitment agencies

 

There are many employment agencies in Romania that can help you find a job that matches your skills and experience. They can provide you with information about current vacancies and assist with documentation.

 

 

 

Utilize resources for teaching English

 

If you are a native English speaker or have a high proficiency, consider teaching English. There is a high demand for English teachers in private schools and language centers in Romania. Websites like ESL Employment and Total ESL can offer many such job opportunities.

 

 

 

Preparation of documents and interviews

 

When applying for a job in Romania, ensure that your resume and cover letter meet local standards. Some companies may require a handwritten letter. In interviews, questions are usually about your qualifications and experience, so be prepared to provide relevant documents and certificates.

Language

 

For employment in Romania, knowing Romanian is a significant advantage, especially for unskilled jobs and positions requiring communication with clients or colleagues in the local language. However, in international companies and highly skilled sectors such as IT, finance, and engineering, proficiency in English is also highly valued. Proficiency in French or German can be an additional advantage.

 

 

 

Qualification

 

Unskilled jobs: For unskilled positions like work in agriculture, construction, or services, a basic education and minimal professional skills are sufficient.

 

Skilled and highly skilled jobs: Such positions require higher education and professional experience. For example, jobs in IT, engineering, or medicine often require university degrees and relevant certificates.

 

 

 

For employment in Romania, foreigners need to prepare a number of documents:

 

- Work permit.

 

- Long-term stay visa.

 

- Residence permit.

 

 

 

Working conditions and social benefits

 

Working hours: The standard working week in Romania is 40 hours, with the possibility of overtime, which is paid additionally.

 

Minimum wage: The minimum monthly wage in 2024 is 3,300 RON (approximately 660 euros). In some sectors, like construction and agriculture, the minimum wage may be higher.

 

Vacation: All employees are entitled to a minimum of 20 working days of paid vacation per year.

 

 

 

Benefits and perks

 

Many companies offer additional benefits, such as health insurance, meal vouchers, transportation cost reimbursement, and skills development programs.

The Romanian labor market is characterized by a variety of fast-growing and in-demand industries. Here are the main sectors that present the greatest interest for employment:

 

 

 

Information Technology: The IT sector remains one of the most dynamically developing in Romania. Specialists in software development, cybersecurity, data analysis, and machine learning are particularly in demand. Programming languages, such as Java, continue to be in short supply.

 

 

 

Renewable Energy: The renewable energy sector is actively developing due to investments in wind and solar energy projects. This creates jobs for engineers and specialists in sustainable energy.

 

 

 

Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals: The healthcare and pharmaceutical industries play a key role in the Romanian economy. The demand for doctors, nurses, and researchers is continuously growing. Furthermore, healthcare technologies open new opportunities for those involved in digital medical solutions and the development of medical devices.

 

 

 

Financial services and fintech: The financial sector continues to evolve thanks to innovations in fintech and digital banking. In this sector, financial analysts and specialists in digital financial services are particularly in demand.

 

 

 

Construction and real estate: The construction industry remains an important driver of economic growth. Both skilled workers and specialists in project management and urban planning are in demand.

 

 

 

Agriculture and food industry: Agriculture is a significant sector of Romania's economy. Modern farming methods and precision agriculture technologies require skilled agronomists and technicians. The food industry, related to the processing of agricultural products, also needs modernization and new personnel.

 

 

 

Tourism and hospitality: Tourism and the hospitality industry continue to draw attention due to Romania's rich cultural heritage and natural attractions. Professionals in tourism management, marketing, and guest services are in demand here.

 

 

 

It is important to take into account current trends and develop skills that are in demand in these industries to successfully integrate into the Romanian labor market.

State pension system

 

Based on the principle of intergenerational solidarity, where the contributions of working citizens are used to pay pensions to current retirees.

 

Retirement age: The standard retirement age is 65 for men and 63 for women (to be reached by 2030). The minimum contribution period for pension eligibility is 15 years, and the full period is 35 years for men and 31 years and 7 months for women.

 

 

 

Mandatory private pension funds

 

This system was introduced in 2008 and is managed by private companies. It is mandatory for individuals under 35 and voluntary for those aged 35 to 45.

 

Contributions and investments: Contributions are part of overall social insurance, and they are invested by private pension funds under the supervision of the Financial Supervisory Authority. These contributions allow the accumulation of pension rights based on individual contributions and investment income.

 

 

 

Voluntary private pension funds

 

This is a voluntary system, which provides for individual contributions that are independent of the classic social insurance contributions. These contributions can be deducted from the taxable base up to a certain limit.

 

Contribution conditions: The maximum contribution size is 15% of gross salary, and the total tax deduction limit is 400 euros per year.

 

 

 

It is recommended to consult with specialists, as legislation may change.

Main types of social insurance:

 

 

 

Pension insurance: State pension system; Mandatory private pension funds; Voluntary private pension funds.

 

 

 

Medical insurance

 

State medical insurance: Managed by the National Health Insurance House (CNAS) and covers basic medical services. Contributions are 10% of employees' gross income.

 

Private medical insurance: Complements state insurance and covers services not included in the state system, such as private rooms in hospitals, advanced dental care, and specialist consultations.

 

 

 

Unemployment insurance

 

Unemployment insurance provides financial support to citizens who have lost their jobs. Employees are required to make contributions of 2.25% of gross income, which covers unemployment benefits and other related services.

 

 

 

Insurance against accidents at work and occupational illnesses

 

Employers are required to make contributions to cover risks associated with accidents at work and occupational illnesses. Contributions depend on the type and conditions of work.

 

 

 

Maternity and parental benefits

 

Employees on maternity leave are entitled to maternity benefits, which constitute 85% of their average earnings over the last 12 months. Additionally, one parent can take parental leave until the child reaches two years (or three years for children with disabilities) with similar payments.

Dismissal

 

In Romania, an employment contract can be terminated on several grounds:

 

By law: A fixed-term contract ends upon the expiration of its term.

 

By mutual agreement: Both parties can agree to terminate the contract.

 

At the initiative of either party: The employee or employer can initiate the termination with prior notice.

 

 

 

Dismissal can also occur due to objective reasons (e.g., restructuring) or personal reasons (e.g., disciplinary issues, lack of qualifications).

 

 

 

The notice period depends on the position

 

Executive positions: 20 working days.

 

Managerial positions: 45 working days.

 

 

 

Leave

 

Employees in Romania are entitled to a minimum paid annual leave of 20 working days. However, many companies offer longer periods at their discretion.

 

 

 

Additional types of leave

 

Sick leave: Paid depending on the nature of the illness (from 75% to 100% of the salary).

 

Maternity leave: 126 calendar days (includes pre- and post-birth), paid at 85% of the average wage.

 

Childcare leave: Until the child reaches two years old (three years for children with disabilities), paid at 85% of the average salary for the last 12 months. The law requires one of the parents to take at least one month of this leave.

 

 

 

Public holidays

 

January 1: New Year.

 

January 24: Day of the Union of the Principalities.

 

May 1: Labor Day.

 

Easter Sunday and Monday.

 

June 1: Children's Day.

 

December 1: National Day of Romania.

 

December 25 and 26: Christmas.

 

 

 

If an employee is required to work on a public holiday, they are granted double pay or an additional day off.

Main trade unions in Romania

 

 

 

The National Trade Union Block (BNS): One of the largest trade unions in Romania, which includes multiple sectoral unions.

 

 

 

The Alliance of Free Trade Unions of Romania (CNSLR-Frăția): A large trade union alliance that includes several sectoral unions.

 

 

 

The Confederation of Democratic Trade Unions of Romania (CSDR): A union focused on protecting democratic rights and improving the social status of workers in various sectors.

 

 

 

Main functions of trade unions

 

 

 

Protection of workers' rights: Trade unions work to protect the economic, social, and professional interests of their members. They have the right to participate in collective bargaining, representing workers' interests in businesses and various economic sectors.

 

 

 

Collective bargaining: Trade unions are involved in the process of collective bargaining with employers to conclude collective labor agreements. This includes discussing working conditions, wages, social benefits, and other important aspects of working life.

 

 

 

Support in resolving labor disputes: Unions can assist their members in resolving labor disputes by using methods such as mediation, arbitration, and, if necessary, strikes. They also have the right to file lawsuits on behalf of their members.

 

 

 

Representation at the company level: Unions represent the interests of workers in board meetings and other similar bodies, discussing professional, economic, and social issues.

 

 

 

 

 

How trade unions can help immigrants

 

 

 

Consultation and support: Trade unions provide consultations on labor law issues, working conditions, and workers' rights, which is especially important for immigrants who may not be familiar with local laws and regulations.

 

 

 

Protection from discrimination: Unions actively work to prevent workplace discrimination based on nationality, race, religion, and other factors. They can provide legal support in cases of discrimination.

 

 

 

Education and training: Trade unions often organize educational programs and training sessions that help immigrants better integrate into the work environment and improve their professional skills.

Corporate Taxes and Tax System

 

Corporate Tax: The standard corporate tax rate in Romania is 16%. Other rates apply to companies engaged in sectors such as gambling and nightclubs (e.g., 5% on income from such activities).

 

VAT (Value Added Tax): The standard VAT rate is 19%. Reduced rates of 9% and 5% apply to certain goods and services, such as pharmaceuticals, food products, and hospitality services.

 

VAT Registration: Companies must register for VAT if their annual turnover exceeds 88,500 euros (300,000 RON).

 

 

 

Company Registration Procedures

 

Legal Form: The most popular form of company in Romania is the limited liability company (LLC). This form allows for the minimization of risks for the founders.

 

Company Registration: To register a company, it is necessary to reserve a name in the Trade Registry, prepare the founding documents, open a bank account, and register with the tax authorities.

 

Bureaucracy and Digitalization: The company registration process has become easier thanks to digitalization through the online portal of the National Trade Register, allowing registration to be completed on average in three working days.

 

 

 

Business Conduct

 

Legislation and Changes: Romanian legislation changes frequently, so it is important to keep track of new regulations and tax changes that may affect the business. It is recommended to consult with local lawyers and tax advisors to comply with all requirements.

 

Labor Legislation

 

Employment Contracts: In Romania, employment contracts can be concluded for an indefinite period or for a fixed term of up to three years. The contracts must clearly specify working conditions, duties, and rights of employees and employers.

 

Opportunities and Challenges

 

Prospective Sectors: Among the most promising sectors for investment are IT, healthcare, energy, and retail trade. Romania attracts investors with its accessible and qualified workforce and advantageous geographical location.

 

Challenges: The main difficulties include bureaucracy, corruption, and frequent changes in legislation, requiring flexible planning and adaptation of business processes.